History 901, sec. 4 Charles L. Cohen
Fall, 1995 4115 Humanities
Tu 1:20-3:20 263-1956, -1800
Room: TBA Office hours: Tu 8:15-9:15,
Th 11:00-12:00, and by appt.
Email: clcohen@macc.wisc.edu
Class email: amrelig-his@lists.students.wisc.edu
Sidney Mead called the United States a "nation with the soul of a church." Perhaps at the end of this course we will understand what he meant.
Readings
Each week everyone will read the core assignment. Beginning in the second week, each person will also select an item from the list of secondary titles; there will be no duplication of secondary readings. Generally, an individual will be free to choose the work that most interests him/her, but some "volunteers" may be sacrificed to ensure that interpretive diversity prevails.
All books assigned as core readings are available for purchase at Canterbury Booksellers, 315 W. Gorham St., and have also been placed on three-hour reserve at the State Historical Library for the semester. Monographs in the Library's collection are also on reserve, and non-circulating copies of a few journals (e.g., Journal of American History) live in the Reading Room. Changes in the Library's ability to handle reserve materials means that items outside these categories will not be reserved, but can be found either in the Society Library or elsewhere on campus.
Written Assignments
You will write three papers, 7-8 pages, typed, double-spaced. You may choose which two of the first four papers to confront, but everyone must write the final essay. You need advert only to course readings but may include any relevant materials. If you wish to write on a different topic, please discuss your proposal with me.
DUE FRIDAY, OCT. 6 - How do you account for the outburst of revivalism
in the British North American colonies during the early 1740s?
DUE FRIDAY, OCT. 29 - Discuss how American churches asserted their authority before and after disestablishment.
DUE FRIDAY, NOV. 17 - Discuss one or more American religious movements as admixtures of traditional Christian doctrines and folk beliefs.
DUE FRIDAY, DEC. 1 - What connections (if any) would you adduce between the eighteenth-century Reformation of Manners and the nineteenth-century Benevolent Empire?
DUE MONDAY, DEC. 18 - What analytic utility, if any, does the term "popular religion" have for understanding the development of American religious history to 1860? Rewrite Policy
You may rewrite either or both of the first two assigned papers (time constraints prohibit rewriting the final one), but only after talking with me about such details as the new due date and the kinds of changes to be made. You must inform me of your decision to rewrite a paper by the Friday following the class session at which I first return the original version. You will ordinarily receive one week to rewrite, but I will be flexible about negotiating extensions for good cause. The old draft (plus any separate sheet of comments) must accompany the new version. Rewriting cannot lower your grade (nor can changing your mind about handing in a revised paper), but it does not by itself guarantee a higher one; you must substantially rework the essay, following my comments and initiating your own improvements too.
Grading
Simplicity itself. The papers and class discussion each count 25%.
Incompletes
The Gendzel Protocol governs the assigning of Incompletes: in fairness to those students who turn their work in on time, I will not grant an Incomplete for reasons other than Acts of God or other extraordinary disasters (covered in the Proclamation, p. 17 below). You may have an Incomplete without penalty only in such cases; in all other instances, an Incomplete carries a grade penalty of +-step.
By Sept. 10 everyone in the class should have a personal email account. To contact me alone, send messages to:
To contact everyone in the class (including me) simultaneously, send messages to:
amrelig-his@lists.students.wisc.edu
I. INTRODUCTION
Sept. 5 - Alpha and Omega
Core reading: Sidney Ahlstrom, A Religious History of the American People, 1-669
II. THE PURITAN STRAIN
Sept. 12 - Do You Believe in Magic?
Core reading: David D. Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment
Secondary Readings:
Overview
Charles L. Cohen, "Puritanism," Encyclopedia of the North
American Colonies, III, 577-94
Popular Religious Piety and Belief
Patricia Caldwell, The Puritan Conversion Narrative, 163-86
Charles L. Cohen, God's Caress, 162-200
Richard Godbeer, The Devil's Dominion: Magic and Religion in
Early New England, 85-121
Philip Greven, The Protestant Temperament, 62-109
Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, The Practice of Piety, 93-135
Janice Knight, Orthodoxies in Massachusetts, 109-29
Michael McGiffert, God's Plot: Puritan Spirituality in Thomas
Shepard's Cambridge, 3-29
Amanda Porterfield, Female Piety in Puritan New England, 80-115
Richard Weisman, Witchcraft, Magic, and Religion in 17th-Century
Massachusetts, 53-72
Marilyn Westerkamp, "Puritan Patriarchy and the Problem of
Revelation," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 23
(1993), 571-95
Perspectives on Protestantism and Print Culture
Elizabeth Eisenstein, The Printing Revolution in Early Modern
Europe, 41-90
Martin E. Marty, "Protestantism and Capitalism: Print Culture and
Individualism," in Leonard I. Sweet, ed., Communication and
Change in American Religious History, 91-107
David Paul Nord, "Systematic Benevolence: Religious Publishing
and the Marketplace in Early Nineteenth-Century America,"
ibid., 239-70
Robert St. George, "'Heated' Speech and Literacy in
Seventeenth-Century New England," in Seventeenth-Century New
England, ed. David D. Hall and David Grayson Allen,
Publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 63
(1984), 275-322
Prodigies and Providentialism
Barbara Donagan, "Providence, CHance and Explanation: Some Paradoxical Aspects of Puritan Views of Causation," Journal of Religious History, 11 (1981), 385-403 Robert Middlekauff, The Mathers, 139-61 Paul S. Seaver, Wallington's World: A Puritan Artisan in Seventeenth- Century London, 45-66 Daniel B. Shea, Spiritual Autobiography in Early America, 111-51 Michael P. Winship, "Prodigies, Puritanism, and the Perils of Natural Philosophy: The Example of Cotton Mather," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 51 (1994), 92-105
Sept. 19 - Culture Wars
Core reading: Richard Gildrie, The Profane, the Civil, and the Godly
Eighteenth-Century Puritanism
Richard Bushman, From Puritan to Yankee, 267-88 George Selement, Keepers of the Vineyard: The Puritan Ministry and Collective Culture in Colonial New England, 79-97 Harry S. Stout, The New England Soul, 148-65 Teresa Toulouse, The Art of Prophesying: New England Sermons and the Shaping of Belief, 46-74
Religious Dissenters
Jonathan Chu, Neighbors, Friends, or Madmen: The Puritan Adjustment to Quakerism in Seventeenth-Century Massachusetts, 125-52 Christine Leigh Heyrman, Commerce and Culture: The Maritime Communities of Colonial Massachusetts 1690-1750, 96-142 William G. McLoughlin, New England Dissent: The Baptists and the Separation of Church and State, I.263-77 Carla Pestana, Quakers and Baptists in Colonial Massachusetts, 145-64 Arthur Worrall, Quakers in the Colonial Northeast, 26-42
Rituals
Horton Davies, The Worship of the American Puritans, 1629-1730, 255-80 E. Brooks Holifield, "Peace, Conflict, and Ritual in Puritan Congregations," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 23 (1993), 551-70 James P. Walsh, "Holy Time and Sacred Space in Puritan New England," American Quarterly, 32 (1980), 79-95
The Second Puritan Reformation
Michael J. Crawford, Seasons of Grace: Colonial New England's Revival Tradition in Its British Context, 37-51 Andrew Delbanco, The Puritan Ordeal, 215-34 Stephen Foster, The Long Argument, 175-230 David D. Hall, The Faithful Shepherd: A History of the New England Ministry in the Seventeenth Century, 197-226 E. Brooks Holifield, The Covenant Sealed: The Development of Puritan Sacramental Theology in Old and New England, 1570-1720, 197-224 Richard Lovelace, The American Pietism of Cotton Mather, 198-250 Perry Miller, The New England Mind: From Colony to Province, 27-52 Edmund S. Morgan, Visible Saints, 113-32
III. EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY PATTERNS
Sept. 26 - Consuming Grace
Core reading: Frank Lambert, "Pedlar in Divinity"
Secondary reading:
Communicating and Publicizing Revival
Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, "The Spirit of the Old Writers: Print Media, the Great Awakening, and Continuity in New England," in Leonard I. Sweet, ed., Communication and Change in American Religious History, 126-40 Susan O'Brien, "Eighteenth-Century Publishing Networks in the First Years of Transatlantic Evangelicalism," in Mark A. Noll et al., Evangelicalism, 38- 57 Harry S. Stout, "Religion, Communications, and the Ideological Origins of the American Revolution," William and Mary Quart., 3d ser., 34 (1977), 519-41 Harry S. Stout, "Religion, Communication, and the Career of George Whitefield," in Sweet, ed., Communication and Change, 108-25
Debate over the Revivals
Edwin Gaustad, The Great Awakening in New England, 80-101 Charles Lippy, Seasonable Revolutionary: The Mind of Charles Chauncy, 19-42 David Lovejoy, Religious Enthusiasm in the New World, 195-214
The Great Evangelist
Arnold A. Dallimore, George Whitefield, I. 547-62 Harry S. Stout, The Divine Dramatist, 66-86 Harry S. Stout, "George Whitefield in Three Countries," in Noll et al., eds., Evangelicalism, 58-72
Revivalism and Slavery
S. Charles Bolton, Southern Anglicanism, 102-20 Allan Gallay, "The Origins of the Slaveholders' Paternalism: George Whitefield, the Bryan Family, and the Great Awakening in the South," Journal of Southern History, 53 (1987), 369-94 Harvey H. Jackson, "Hugh Bryan and the Evangelical Movement in Colonial South Carolina," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 43 (1986), 594-614 William A. Sloat, II, "George Whitefield, African-Americans, and Slavery," Methodist History, 33 (1994), 3-13
Transatlantic Perspectives
Michael J. Crawford, Seasons of Grace, 223-39 Ned Landsman, Scotland and its First American Colony, 1683-1765, 227-55 Mark A. Noll, "Revival, Enlightenment, Civic Humanism, and the Development of Dogma: Scotland and America, 1735-1843," Tyndale Bull., 40 (1989), 49-76 Susan O'Brien, "A Transatlantic Community of Saints: The Great Awakening and the First Evangelical Network, 1735-1755," American Historical Review, 91 (1986), 811-32 Leigh Eric Schmidt, Holy Fairs: Scottish Communions and American Revivals in the Early Modern Period, 11-68 W. R. Ward, The Protestant Evangelical Awakening, 214-95
Oct. 3 - Declension Denied
Core reading: Patricia U. Bonomi, Under the Cope of Heaven
Secondary reading:
Denominations in the Revivals
Stephen Longenecker, Piety and Tolerance: Pennsylvania German Religion, 1700- 1850, 71-104 Frederick B. Tolles, "Quietism Versus Enthusiasm: The Philadelphia Quakers and the Great Awakening," Penn. Mag. Hist. Biog., 69 (1945), 26-49 Marilyn Westerkamp, Triumph of the Laity, 165-94 John F. Woolverton, Colonial Anglicanism in North America, 189-206
The Episcopate Controversy
Carl Bridenbaugh, Mitre and Sceptre, 83-115 Donald F. M. Gerardi, "The Episcopate Controversy Reconsidered: Religious Vocation and Anglican Perceptions of Authority in Mid-Eighteenth-Century America," Perspectives in Am. History, new ser., 3 (1986), 81-114 Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 181-205 Frederick V. Mills, Bishops by Ballot, 133-52
Revival and Revolution
C. C. Goen, "The American Revolution as a Religious Revival," American Baptist Quarterly, 10 (1991), 315-22 Alan Heimert, Religion and the American Mind, 294-350 William G. McLoughlin, "'Enthusiasm for Liberty': The Great Awakening as the Key to the Revolution," Am. Antiq. Soc. Procs., 87, 1 (1977), 69-96 John Murrin, "No Awakening, No Revolution? More Counterfactual Speculations," Reviews in American History, 11 (1983), 161-71
Social Sources of Revivalism
J. M. Bumsted, "Religion, Finance, and Democracy in Massachusetts: The Town of Norton as a Case Study," J. American History, 57 (1970-71), 817-31; Rosalind Remer, "Old Lights and New Money: A Note on Religion, Economy, and the Social Order in 1740 Boston,: WMQ, 3d ser., 47 (1990), 566-73 Gerald F. Moran, "'Sinners Are Turned into Saints in Numbers': Puritanism and Revivalism in Colonial Connecticut," in Philip R. Vandermeer and Robert P. Swierenga, eds., Belief & Behavior, 38-62 Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible (1979 ed.), 198-232 John W. Jeffries, "The Separation in the Canterbury Congregational Church: Religion, Family, and Politics in a Connecticut Town," New England Quarterly, 52 (1979), 522-49
Women and the Churches
Barbara E. Lacey, "Gender, Piety, and Secularization in Connecticut Religion, 1720-1775," Journal of Social History, 24 (1991), 799-821 Barry Levy, Quakers and the American Family, 193-230 Gerald Moran and Maris Vinovskis, Religion, Family, and the Life Course, 85-108 Jean Soderlund, "Women's Authority in Pennsylvania and New Jersey Quaker Meetings, 1680-1760," WMQ, 3d ser., 44 (1987), 722-49
Oct. 10 - Diversity's Liberty
Core reading: Thomas J. Curry, The First Freedoms
Secondary reading:
Church and State
Stephen Botein, "Religious Dimensions of the Early American State," in Richard Beeman, Stephen Botein, and Edward C. Carter II, eds., Beyond Confederation, 315-30 Gerard Bradley, Church-State Relationships in America, 19-68 Edwin S. Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers, 12-35 Mark DeWolfe Howe, The Garden and the Wilderness, 32-60 Sidney Mead, The Lively Experiment, 16-37 John K. Wilson, "Religion Under the State Constitutions, 1776-1800," Journal of Church and State, 32 (1990), 753-73
The Development of Religious Toleration
Sydney V. James, "Ecclesiastical Authority in the Land of Roger Williams," New England Quarterly, 57 (1984), 323-46 David W. Jordan, "'The Miracle of this Age': Maryland's Experiment in Religious Toleration, 1649-1689," Historian, 47 (1985), 338-59 Kenneth Lassen, "Free Exercise in a Free State: Maryland's Role in Religious Liberty and the First Amendment," Journal of Church and State, 31 (1989), 419-49 Kenneth R. Morris, "Theological Sources of William Penn's concept of Religious toleration," Journal of Church and State, 35 (1993), 83-112 Sally Schwartz, "A Mixed Multitude': The Struggle for Toleration in Colonial Pennsylvania, 257-302
Disestablishment in Virginia
Thomas Buckley, Church and State in Revolutionary Virginia, 144-72 Thomas E. Buckley, S.J., "The Political Theology of Thomas Jefferson, in Merrill D. Peterson and Robert C. Vaughan, eds., The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 75-108 Rhys Isaac, "'The Rage of Malice of the Old Serpent Devil': The Dissenters and the Making and Remaking of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom," ibid., 139-70
Pluralism and Religious Rivalry
Randall Balmer, A Perfect Babel of Confusion, 72-98 Rhys Isaac, "Evangelical Revolt: The Nature of the Baptists' Challenge to the Traditional Order in Virginia, 1765 to 1775," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 31 (1974), 345-68 Douglas B. Jacobsen, An Unprov'd Experiment: Religious Pluralism in Colonial New Jersey, 113-47 Alison G. Olsen, "Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and the Question of Religious Diversity in Colonial New England," New England Quarterly, 65 (1992), 83- 116 Richard W. Pointer, Protestant Pluralism and the New York Experience, 53-71 Daniel B. Thorp, The Moravian Community in Colonial North Carolina: Pluralism on the Southern Frontier, 178-98
IV. RELIGION AND THE REPUBLIC
Oct. 17 - Reason's Revelation
Core reading: Henry May, The Enlightenment in America
Liberalism and Unitarianism
John Corrigan, The Prism of Piety: Catholick Congregational Clergy at the Beginning of the Enlightenment, 32-64 John Corrigan, The Hidden Balance: Religion and the Social Theories of Charles Chauncy and Jonathan Mayhew, 20-58 Andrew Delbanco, The Mind of William Ellery Channing, 83-115 Daniel Howe, The Unitarian Conscience, 93-120 Robert J. Wilson, The Benevolent Deity: Ebenezer Gay and the Rise of Rational Religion in New England, 1696-1787, 169-91 Conrad Wright, The Beginnings of Unitarianism, 200-22
Edwardseanism and the New Divinity
William Breitenbach, "The Consistent Calvinism of the New Divinity Movement," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 41 (1984), 241-64 William Breitenbach, "Piety and Moralism: Edwards and the New Divinity," in Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds., Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience, 177-204 Joseph Conforti, Samuel Hopkins and the New Divinity Movement, 109-24 Norman Fiering, "The Rationalist Foundations of Jonathan Edwards's Metaphysics," in Nathan Hatch and Harry Stout, Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience, 73-101 Alan Guelzo, Edwards on the Will: A Century of American Theological Debate, 112-39 Mark Valeri, Law and Providence in Joseph Bellamy's New England, 140-79
Millennialism
Marvin L. Bergman, "Millennialism among Virginia Revivalists 1740-1800," Fides et Historia, 18 (1986), 56-70 Ruth Bloch, "The Social and Political Base of Millennial Literature in Late Eighteenth-Century America," American Quarterly, 40 (1988), 578-96 Ruth Bloch, Visionary Republic, 150-86 James W. Davidson, The Logic of Millennial Thought, 213-54 Melvin B. Endy, Jr., "Just War, Holy War, and Millennialism in Revolutionary America," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 42 (1985), 3-25 Nathan Hatch, The Sacred Cause of Liberty, 97-138 Michael Leinisch, "The Role of Political Millennialism in Early American Nationalism," Western Political Quarterly, 36 (1983), 445-65 Kerry Trask, In the Pursuit of Shadows: Massachusetts Millennialism and the Seven Years War, 223-86
Oct. 24 - Faith's Levellers
Core reading: Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity
Secondary reading:
Overview
Mark A. Noll, "Revolution and the Rise of Evangelical Social Influence in North Atlantic Societies," in Mark A. Noll et al., eds., Evangelicalism, 113-36
Revivalism
John Boles, The Great Revival, 12-35 Richard Carwardine, Trans-atlantic Revivalism: Popular Evangelicalism in Britain and America, 1790-1840, 3-56 Paul Conkin, Cane Ridge, 115-63 Roger Finke and Rodney J. Stark, The Churching of America, 1776-1990, 54-108 Stephen A. Marini, Radical Sects of Revolutionary New England, 40-59, 172-76 William G. McLoughlin, Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform, 98-140 Iain Murray, revival and Revivalism: The Making and Marring of American Evangelicalism 1750-1858, 161-90
Religion and Republicanism
Patrick W. Carey, "Republicanism within American Catholicism, 1785-1860," Journal of the Early Republic, 3 (1983), 413-37 L. Edward Hicks, "Republican Religion and Republican Institutions: Alexander Campbell and the anti-Catholic Movement," Fides et Historia, 22 (1990), 42-52 Russell E. Richey, Early American Methodism, 82-97
Religion in a Republican Society
Edwin S. Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers, 110-33 William G. McLoughlin, "The Role of Religion in the Revolution: Liberty of Conscience and Cultural Cohesion in the New Nation," in Stephen Kurtz and James Hutson, Essays on the American Revolution, 197-255 Sidney Mead, The Old Religion in the Brave New World, 32-57 Perry Miller, The Life of the Mind in America, 36-72 Mark A. Noll, "The American Revolution and Protestant Evangelicalism," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 23 (1993), 615-38 Cushing Strout, The New Heavens and New Earth: Political Religion in America, 102-25
V. SYNTHETIC CHRISTIANITIES
Oct. 31 - Spirit Revitalized
Core reading: Anthony F. C. Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca
Secondary reading:
Missions
James Axtell, The Invasion Within, 131-78 Henry W. Bowden, American Indians and Christian Missions, 134-63 Richard W. Cogley, "Two Approaches to Indian Conversion in Puritan New England: The Missions of Thomas Mayhew, Jr., and John Eliot," Historical Journal of Massachusetts, 23 (1995), 44-60 Charles C. Cole, Jr., Lion of the forest: James B. Finley, Frontier Reformer, 40-72 William G. McLoughlin, Cherokees and Missionaries, 124-49 Daniel Richter, "'Some of them ... would Always Have a Minister with them': Mohawk Protestantism, 1683-1719," American Indian Quarterly, 16 (1992), 471-84 Margaret C. Szasz, Indian Education in the American Colonies, 233-63
Native Beliefs and Christianity
Catharine L. Albanese, "Exploring Regional Religion: A Case Study of the Eastern Cherokee," History of Religions, 23 (1984), 344-71 James Axtell, "Were Indian Conversions Bona Fide?" in idem, After Columbus, 100-21 Charles L. Cohen, "Conversion among Puritans and Amerindians: A Theological and Cultural Perspective," forthcoming in Francis Bremer, ed., Puritanism: Transatlantic Perspectives on a Seventeenth-Century Anglo-American Faith, 233-56 Ram"n A. Guti rrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away, 39-94 Ake Hultkrantz, Belief and Worship in Native North America, 187-211 Helen C. Rountree, "Powhatan Priests and English Rectors: World Views and Congregations in Conflict," American Indian Quarterly, 16 (1992), 485-500
Revitalization movements
Duane Champagne, "The Delaware Revitalization Movement of the Early 1760s: A Suggested Reinterpretation," American Indian Quarterly, 12 (1988), 107-26 Gregory E. Dowd, A Spirited Resistance, 123-47 James R. Lewis, "Shamans and Prophets: Continuities and Discontinuities in Native American New Religions," American Indian Quarterly, 12 (1988), 221-28 William G. McLoughlin, Cherokees and Missionaries, 82-101 Joel Martin, Sacred Revolt, 171-86 Russell Thornton, "Boundary Dissolution and Revitalization Movements: The Case of the Nineteenth-Century Cherokees," Ethnohistory, 40 (1993), 359-83 Elizabeth Tooker, "On the Development of the Handsome Lake Religion," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 133 (1989), 35-50
Nov. 7 - Dark Spirits
Core reading: Albert J. Raboteau, Slave Religion
Secondary reading:
Slave Religion
John Boles, Black Southerners, 140-81 Margaret W. Creel, "A Peculiar People": Slave Religion and Community- Culture Among the Gullahs, 259-75 Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made, 232-55 Michael A. Gomez, "Muslims in Early America," Journal of Southern History, 60 (1994), 671-710 Charles Joyner, Down by the Riverside, 141-71 Lawrence W. Levine, Black Culture and Black Consciousness, 30-55 Randall M. Miller, "Slaves and Southern Catholicism," in John Boles, ed., Masters & Slaves in the House of the Lord, 127-52 Albert J. Raboteau, "African-Americans, Exodus, and the American Israel," in idem, A Fire in the Bones, 17-36 Mechal Sobel, Trabelin' On, 99-135 Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Together, 171-203 Blake Touchstone, "Planters and Slave Religion in the Deep South," in John Boles, Masters & Slaves in the House of the Lord, 99-126
Afro-American Churches
Ira Berlin, Slaves Without Masters, 284-315 Richard D. Brown, "'Not Only Extreme Poverty, But the Worst Kind of Orphanage': Lemuel Haynes and the Boundaries of Racial Tolerance on the Yankee Frontier, 1770-1820," New England Quarterly 61 (1988), 502-18 Carol V. R. George, Segregated Sabbaths: Richard Allen and the Emergence of Independent Black Churches 1760-1840, 90-115 Will B. Gravely, "African Methodisms and the Rise of Black Denominationalism," in Robert Bruce Mullin and Russell E. Richey, eds., Reimagining Denominationalism, 239-63 William Montgomery, Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African- American Churches in the South, 1865-1900, 1-37 Gary Nash, Forging Freedom, 172-211 Albert J. Raboteau, "The Slave Church in the Era of the American Revolution," in Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman, eds., Slavery and Freedom in the Age of the American Revolution, 193-213 John Saillant, "Lemuel Haynes and the Revolutionary Origins of Black Theology, 1776-1801," Religion and American Culture, 2 (1992), 79- 102 David E. Swift, Black Prophets of Justice, 77-112
Nov. 14 - Hermetic Hermeneutic
Core reading: John L. Brooke, The Refiner's Fire
Secondary reading:
Historiography
Marvin S. Hill, "Positivism or Subjectivism? Some Reflections on a Mormon Historical Dilemma," Journal of Mormon History, 20 (1994), 1-23
Cosmology and Theology
Thomas G. Alexander, "'A New and Everlasting Covenant': An Approach to the Theology of Joseph Smith," in Davis Bitton and Maureen Beecher, eds., New Views of Mormon History, 43-62 Philip L. Barlow, Mormons and the Bible, 11-42 Richard L. Bushman, "The Book of Mormon in Early Mormon History," in Davis Bitton and Maureen Beecher, New Views of Mormon History, 3-18 Richard T. Hughes and C. Leonard Allen, Illusions of Innocence: Protestant Primitivism in America, 1630-1875, 133-52 Blake T. Ostler, "The Development of the Mormon Concept of Grace," Dialogue, 24 (1991), 57-84 Erich Robert Paul, Science, Religion, and Mormon Cosmology, 75-98 Timothy L. Smith, "The Book of Mormon in a Biblical Culture," Journal of Mormon History, 7 (1980), 3-21 Grant Underwood, "Book of Mormon Usage in Early LDS Theology," Dialogue, 17 (1984), 35-74 Grant Underwood, The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism, 11-41
Mormonism and Magic
Richard Lloyd Anderson, "The Mature Joseph Smith and Treasure Searching," Brigham Young University Studies, 24 (1984), 489-560 Marvin S. Hill, "Money-Digging Folklore and the Beginnings of Mormonism: An Interpretive Suggestion," ibid., 24 (1984), 473-88 R. Laurence Moore, "The Occult Connection? Mormonism, Christian Science, and Spiritualism," in Howard Kerr and Charles L. Crow, eds., The Occult in America, 135-61 D. Michael Quinn, Early Mormonism and the Magic World View, 150-92 Alan Taylor, "The Early Republic's Supernatural Economy: Treasure Seeking in the American Northeast, 1780-1830," American Quarterly, 38 (1986), 6-34
Social and Cultural Background
Leonard J. Arrington, "Mormonism: From Its New York Beginnings," New York History, 61 (1980), 387-410 Marvin S. Hill, "The Rise of Mormonism in the Burned-Over District: Another View," New York History, 61 (1980), 411-30 Grant Underwood, "The New England Origins of Mormonism Revisited," Journal of Mormon History, 15 (1989), 15-25 Dan Vogel, Religious Seekers and the Advent of Mormonism, 67-96 Gordon S. Wood, "Evangelical America and Early Mormonism," New York History, 61 (1980), 359-86
VI. RELIGION AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY SOCIETY
Nov. 21 - The Southern Cross
Core reading: Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South
Secondary reading:
Churches and Slavery
David T. Bailey, Shadow on the Church: Southwestern Evangelical Religion and the Issue of Slavery, 1783-1860, 202-28 Sylvia Frey, "Shaking the Dry Bones: The Dialectic of Conversion," and Robert L. Hall, "Comment," in Ted Ownby, ed., Black & White: Cultural Interaction in the Antebellum South, 23-54 Anne C. Loveland, Southern Evangelicals and the Social Order, 1800-1860, 186-218 Milton C. Sernett, Black Religion and American Evangelicalism, 36-58 Randy J. Sparks, On Jordan's Stormy Banks: Evangelicalism in Mississippi, 1773-1876, 115-31 Larry Tise, Proslavery, 286-307
Thought and Belief
John Boles, Religion in Antebellum Kentucky, 123-45 Robert Calhoon, Evangelicals and Conservatives in the Early South, 1740- 1861, 133-62 E. Brooks Holifield, The Gentleman Theologians, 127-54 Elizabeth Fox-Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese, "The Divine Sanction of the Social Order: Religious Foundations of the Southern Slaveholders' World View," Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 55 (1987), 211-33 H. Shelton Smith, In His Image, But...: Racism in Southern Religion 1780- 1910, 23-73 Mitchell Snay, Gospel of Disunion: Religion and Separatism in the Antebellum South, 181-218 Arthur Dicken Thomas, Jr., "Reasonable Revivalism: Presbyterian Evangelization of Educated Virginians, 1787-1837," Journal of Presbyterian History, 61 (1983), 316-34 John L. Wakelyn, "Catholic Elites in the Slaveholding South," in Randall M. Miller and John L. Wakelyn, eds., Catholics in the Old South, 211-39
South and North
C. C. Goen, Broken Churches, Broken Nation, 65-107 Stanley Harrold, The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861, 84-106 Samuel S. Hill, "Northern and Southern Varieties of American Evangelicalism in the Nineteenth Century," in Mark Noll et al., Evangelicalism, 275-98 Samuel S. Hill, The South and North in American Religion, 46-89 John W. Kuykendall, Southern Enterprize: The Work of National Evangelical Societies in the Antebellum South, 30-62 John R. McKivigan, The War Against Proslavery Religion, 74-92 Nov. 28 - Repent and Reform
Core reading: Robert H. Abzug, Cosmos Crumbling
Secondary reading:
Benevolence and Reform
David G. Hackett, The Rude Hand of Innovation: Religion and Social Order in Albany, New York 1652-1836, 123-52 Jana Lazerow, "Religion and Labor Reform in Antebellum America: The World of William Field Young," American Quarterly, 38 (1986), 265-86 Perry Miller, The Life of the Mind in America, 73-95 Robert B. Mullin, Episcopal Vision/American Reality: High Church Theology and Social Thought in Evangelical America, 99-140 Teresa Anne Murphy, Ten Hours Labor: Religion, Reform, and Gender in Early New England, 101-30 Richard Rabinowitz, The Spiritual Self in Everyday Life, 138-51 Carol Smith Rosenberg, Religion and the Rise of the American City, 97-124 Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform, 148-77 Valarie H. Ziegler, Advocates of Peace in Antebellum America, 18-47
Social Settings of Revivalism
Terry D. Bilhartz, Urban Religion and the Second Great Awakening, 83-99 Whitney R. Cross, The Burned-Over District, 55-77 Curtis D. Johnson, Islands of Holiness: Rural Religion in Upstate New York, 1790-1860, 33-86 Paul Johnson, A Shopkeeper's Millennium, 95-135 Linda K. Pritchard, "The Spirit in the Flesh: Religion and Regional Economic Development," in Philip R. Vandermeer and Robert P. Swierenga, eds., Belief and Behavior, 88-116
Women and the Churches
Nancy A. Hewitt, "The Perimeters of Women's Power in American Religion," in Leonard Sweet, ed., The Evangelical Tradition in America, 233-56 Nancy Isenberg, "'Co-Equality of the Sexes': The Feminist Discourse of the Antebellum Women's Rights Movement in America," (Ph.D. diss., UW-Madison, 1990), 181-244 Susan Juster, Disorderly Women: Sexual Politics and Evangelicalism in Revolutionary New England, 145-79 Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class, 60-104 Richard D. Shiels, "The Feminization of American Congregationalism, 1735- 1835," American Quarterly, 33 (1981), 46-62 Carol Smith-Rosenberg, "Women and Religious Revivals: Anti-Ritualism, Liminality, and the Emergence of the American Bourgeoisie," in Leonard Sweet, ed., The Evangelical Tradition in America, 199-231
Dec. 5 - Sects and Sex
Core Reading:
Secondary reading: Paul Johnson and Sean Wilentz, The Kingdom of Matthias
Communitarian Religion
Michael Barkun, Crucible of the Millennium, 63-88 Brian L. J. Berry, America's Utopian Experiments: Communal Havens from Long-Wave Crises, 1-26, 93-106 Arthur Bestor, Backwoods Utopias, 20-37 Priscilla Brewer, Shaker Communities, Shaker Lives, 65-86 John W. Chandler, "The Communitarian Quest for Perfection," in Stuart C. Henry, ed., A Miscellany of American Christianity, 48-79 Wendy E. Chmielewski, "Sojourner Truth: Utopian Vision and Search for Community, 1797-1883," in Chmielewski et al., eds., Womein in Spiritual and communitarian Societies in the United States, 21-37 Carl J. Guarneri, "The Associationists: Forging a Christian Socialism in Antebellum America," Church History, 52 (1983), 36-49 Stephen Stein, The Shaker Experience in America, 133-65
Family and Sexuality
Lawrence Foster, Religion and Sexuality, 226-47 Lawrence Foster, Women, Family, and Utopia, 182-201 Louis J. Kern, An Ordered Love: Sex Roles and Sexuality in Victorian Utopians, 50-68 Ira Mandelker, "Religion, Sex, and Utopia in Nineteenth-Century America," Social Research, 49 (1982), 730-51 Timothy B. Spears, "Circles of Grace: Passion and Control in the Thought of John Humphrey Noyes," New York History, 70 (1983), 79-103 Ann Taves, "Mothers and Children and the Legacy of mid-nineteenth century American Christianity," Journal of Religion, 67 (1987), 203-19
Sectarianism and Millennialism
Jonathan M. Butler, "Prophecy, Gender and Culture: Ellen Gould Harmon and the Roots of Seventh-Day Adventism," Religion and American Culture, 1 (1991), 3-29 Ruth A. Doan, The Miller Heresy, Millennialism, and American Culture, 54-82 James D. Falls, "The Fanatic and the Prophetess: Religious Perfectionism in Western New York, 1835-39," New York History, 72 (1991), 357-87 J. F. C. Harrison, The Second Coming: Popular Millenarianism 1780-1850, 163-206 James Moorhead, American Apocalypse, 1-22 R. Whalen, "Calvinism and Chiliasm: The Sociology of Nineteenth-century American Millennarianism," American Presbyterians, 70 (1992), 163-72
VII. OVERVIEW
December 12 - The Success of Puritanism's Failure
Core Reading: Jon Butler, Awash in a Sea of Faith
Secondary reading:
The Problem of American Religious History
Sidney E. Ahlstrom, "The Problem of the History of Religion in America," Church History, 57 Supp. (1986), 127-38 Henry Warner Bowden, "The Death and Rebirth of Denominational History," in Robert Bruce Mullin and Russell E. Richey, eds., Reimagining Denominationalism, 17-30 Jon Butler, "The Future of American Religions History: Perspectives, Agenda, Transatlantic Probl matique," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 42 (1985), 167-83 William Hutchinson, "From Unity to Multiplicty: American Religion(s) as a Concern for the Historian," Amerikastudien/American Studies, 38 (1993), 343-50 Martin E. Marty, "The American Religious History Canon," Social Research, 53 (1986), 513-28 Sidney E. Mead, "Reinterpretation in American Church History," in Jerald C. Brauer, ed., The Lively Experiment Continued, 219-40 Mark A. Noll, "Evaluating North Atlantic Religious History, 1640-1859: A Review Article," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 33 (1991), 415-23 Robert A. Orsi et al., "Forum: The Decade Ahead in Scholarship," Religion and American Culture, 3 (1993), 1-28 Richard W. Pointer, "'Recycling' Early American Religion: Some Historiographical Problems and Prospects," Fides et Historia, 23 (1991), 31-42 John F. Wilson, "A New Denominational Historiography," Religion and American Culture, 5 (1995), 249-63
A Republic of Christians
Sacvan Bercovitch, The American Jeremiad, 132-75 John Berens, Providence & Patriotism in Early America, 1640-1815, 112-28 Diane Hochstedt Butler, "The Church and American Destiny: Evangelical Episcopalians and Voluntary Societies in Antebellum America," Religion and American Culture, 4 (1994), 193-219 James O. Farmer, Jr., "Southern Presbyterians and Southern Nationalism: A Study in Ambivalence," Ga. Historical Quarterly, 75 (1991), 275-94 Robert T. Handy, A Christian America: Protestant Hopes and Historical Realities, 27-64 Gerald R. McDermott, "Jonathan Edwards, The City on a Hill, and the Redeemer Nation: A Reappraisal," American Presbyterians, 69 (1991), 33-47 J. F. Maclear, "The Republic and the Millennium," in Elwyn A. Smith, ed., The Religion of the Republic, 183-216 Perry Miller, "From the Covenant to the Revival," in idem, Nature's Nation, 90-120 Mark A. Noll, "The Image of the United States as a Biblical Nation, 1776- 1865," in Nathan O. Hatch and Mark A. Noll, eds., the Bible in America, 39-58 Ernest Tuveson, Redeemer Nation, 91-136
A PROCLAMATION
Regarding Late Papers
Whereas it may come to pass that one or more individuals, whether throughdilatoriness, dereliction, irresponsibility, or chutzpah, may seek respite andsurcease from escritorial demands through procrastination, delay, anddownright evasion;
And whereas this unhappy happenstance contributes mightily to malfeasance onthe part of parties of the second part (i.e., students, the instructed, you)and irascibility on the part of us (i.e., me);
Be it therefore known, understood, apprehended, and comprehended:
That all assignments must reach us, or be tendered to the DepartmentReceptionist, on or by the exact hour announced in class, and that failure tocomply with this wholesome and most generous regulation shall result in theassignment forfeiting one half letter grade for each day for which it is tardy(i.e., an "A" shall become an "AB"), "one day" being defined as a 24-hourperiod commencing at the announced hour on which the assignment is due; andthat the aforementioned reduction in grade shall continue for each succeedingday of delay until either the assignment shall be remitted or its value shrunkunto nothingness. And let all acknowledge that the responsibility for ourreceiving papers deposited surreptitio (i.e., in my mailbox or under my door),whether timely or belated, resides with the aforementioned second-part parties(i.e., you again), hence onus for the miscarriage of such items falls upon thewriter's head (i.e., until I clutch your scribbles to my breast, I assume youhave not turned them in, all protestations to the contrary notwithstanding).
Be it nevertheless affirmed:
That the greater part of justice residing in mercy, it may behoove us, actingentirely through our gracious prerogative, to award an extension in such casesthat merit it, extensions being granted only upon consultation with us, inwhich case a negotiated due date shall be proclaimed; it being perfectly wellunderstood that failure to observe this new deadline shall result in theimmediate and irreversible failure of the assignment (i.e., an "F"), its valuebeing accounted as a null set and less than that of a vile mote. It should benoted that routine disruptions to routine (i.e., lack of sleep occasioned bypink badgers dancing on the ceiling) do not conduce to mercy, but that severedislocations brought on by Acts of God (exceedingly traumatic events to thebody and/or soul, such as having the earth swallow one up on the way todelivering the assignment) perpetrated either on oneself or on one's lovingkindred, do.
And we wish to trumpet forth:
That our purpose in declaiming said proclamation, is not essentially toterminate the wanton flouting of didactic intentions, but to encourage ourbeloved students to consult with us, and apprehend us of their difficultiesaforehand (i.e., talk to me, baby), so that the cruel axe of the executionerfall not upon their Grade Point Average and smite it with a vengeance.
To which proclamation, we do affix our seal:
Information provider:
Unit: H-Net program at UIC History Department
Email: H-Net@uicvm.uic.edu
Posted: 22 Aug 1995
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