The Ethiopian Pacific League--sometimes known as ToJo's movement because of
its links with Japan--was founded by a Jamaican immigrant, Robert Jordan. The
movement was born during the frenzy of the pro-Ethiopian campaign against
fascist Italy's invasion. The Ethiopian Pacific League saw Japan as the
defender of the colored world, hence Ethiopia's natural ally in the War. With
500-5000 black members, Jordan's group was discreetly funded by Japanese
propagandists as part of Japan's overall strategy to win support on its China
policy among the black American masses. Jordan himself was later arrested and
imprisoned for working closely with Japanese agents. For more details, see
Roy Ottley *New World A-coming*. New York, Arno Press, 1968, pp. 230-40.