General Citation Guidelines

Bibliographic Citations

Footnote and Endnote Citations

Additional Materials on Electronic Citations

The following suggestions for citations of Internet sources in history and the humanities are derived from the essential principles of academic citation in Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 5th ed. (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1987). I have also drawn upon suggestions from some of the works listed in the bibliography of additional materials.

Since version 1.0 appeared, many people have raised issues about both internet and humanities citation standards. The comments of readers and users of earlier versions have been particularly helpful in making revisions and refinements in the Guide. It has also been improved by the the students of my Historical Methods classes at East Tennessee State University and my fellow H-Africa editors. I thank all of these individuals for their assistance.

Since the Internet is an evolving institution, this Guide is not intended to be definitive. Corrections, additions, comments, suggestions, and criticisms are therefore welcome. Please address them to Melvin E. Page

When the need for further revisions and updates become apparent, new versions of the Guide will be issued.